ISO 19170-1:2021 Geographic information — Discrete Global Grid Systems Specifications —Part 1: Core Reference System and Operations, and Equal Area Earth Reference System

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19170-1:2021(E)

Geographic information — Discrete Global Grid Systems Specifications —

Part 1: Core Reference System and Operations, and Equal Area Earth Reference System

1 Scope

This document supports the definition of:

— A Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) core comprising:

— an RS using zonal identifiers with structured geometry, and

— functions providing import, export and topological query,

— Common spatio-temporal classes for geometry, topology, RS using zonal identifiers, zonal identifiers and zones, based on ISO 19111 CRS. The spatio-temporal scope is constrained to:

— spatial elements that are invariant through all time, and

— temporal elements that are invariant across all space.

— Equal-Area Earth Reference Systems (EAERSs) for Equal-Area Earth DGGS.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 19107:2019, Geographic information — Spatial schema

ISO 19111:2019, Geographic information — Referencing by coordinates

ISO 19112:2019, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers

ISO 19115-1:2014, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 1: Fundamentals

ISO 19156:2011, Geographic information — Observations and measurements

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso. org/o bp

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://w ww .electropedia. org

ISO 19170-1:2021(E)

3.1

boundary

set that represents the limit of an entity

Note 1 to entry: Boundary is most commonly used in the context of geometry, where the set is a collection of points or a collection of objects that represent those points. In other arenas, the term is used metaphorically to describe the transition between an entity and the rest of its domain of discourse.

[SOURCE: ISO 19107:2019, 3.6]

3.2

cell

spatial, spatio-temporal or temporal unit of geometry with dimensionality greater than 0, associated with a zone (3.52)

Note 1 to entry: All cells within a DGGS (3.13) share the dimensionality of the DGGS's parent global geometry. DGGSs with dimensionality of 0 are not supported.

Note 2 to entry: Cells are the unit of geometry in a DGGS, and the geometry of the region of space-time occupied by a zone is a cell.

Note 3 to entry: While the terms cell and zone are often used interchangeably, "zone" is the strictly preferred term. Cell is entirely appropriate when specifically discussing a zone's geometry or topology.

3.3

cell refinement

process of subdividing parent cells (3.33) into descendant child cells (3.4) using a specified refinement ratio (3.38) and suite of refinement strategies

Note 1 to entry: Iterative application of cell refinements creates a hierarchy (3.26) of descendant discrete global grids (3.12).

Note 2 to entry: Cell refinement methods may result in child cells (3.4) that each have a single parent or that have multiple parents.

3.4

child cell

child

immediate descendant of a parent cell (3.33)

Note 1 to entry: Child cells are either within a single parent cell or overlapped by multiple parent cells

3.5

class

description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships, and semantics

Note 1 to entry: A class may use a set of interfaces to specify collections of operations it provides to its environment. The term was first used in this way in the general theory of object-oriented programming, and later adopted for use in this same sense in UML.

[SOURCE: ISO 19103:2015, 4.7, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added from ISO 19117:2012, 4.2]

3.6

compound coordinate reference system

compound CRS

coordinate reference system (3.7) using at least two independent coordinate reference systems

Note 1 to entry: Coordinate reference systems are independent of each other if coordinate values (3.49) in one cannot be converted or transformed into coordinate values in the other.

[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.3]

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