ISO 19148:2021 Geographic information — Linear referencing

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标准部分原文

Geographic information — Linear referencing

1 Scope

This document specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing.

This document is applicable to transportation, utilities, environmental protection, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects. For ease of reading, most examples discussed in this document come from the transportation domain. 2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 19103, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language

ISO 19107, Geographic information — Spatial schema

ISO 19108, Geographic information — Temporal schema

ISO 19111, Geographic information — Referencing by coordinates

3 Terms a nd definiti ons

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://w ww. iso .org/o bp

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://w ww .electropedia .org/ 3.1

attribute event

value of an attribute of a feature (3.4) that can apply to only part of the feature

Note 1 to entry: An attribute event includes the linearly referenced location (3.16) where the attribute value applies along the attributed feature (3.2).

Note 2 to entry: An attribute event can be qualified by the instant (3.8) in which, or period (3.20) during which, the attribute value applied.

3.2

attributed feature

feature (3.4) along which an attribute event (3.1) applies

3.3

direct position

position (3.21) described by a single set of coordinates within a coordinate reference system

[SOURCE: ISO 19136-1:2020, 3.1.20]

3.4

feature

abstraction of real-world phenomena

[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11]

3.5

feature event

information about the occurrence of a located feature (3.17) along a locating feature (3.18)

Note 1 to entry: A feature event includes the linearly referenced location (3.16) of the located feature along the locating feature.

Note 2 to entry: A feature event can be qualified by the instant (3.8) in which, or period (3.20) during which, the feature event occurred.

3.6

geometric primitive

geometric object representing a single, connected, homogeneous (isotropic) element of space

Note 1 to entry: Geometric primitives are non-decomposed objects that present information about geometric configuration. They include points, curves, surfaces and solids. Many geometric objects behave like primitives (supporting the same interfaces defined for geometric primitives) but are actually composites composed of some number of other primitives. General collections can be aggregates and incapable of acting like a primitive (such as the lines of a complex network, which is not connected and thus incapable of being traceable as a single line). By this definition, a geometric primitive is topological open, since the boundary points are not isotropic to the interior points. Geometry is assumed to be closed. For points, the boundary is empty.

[SOURCE: ISO 19107:2019, 3.50]

3.7

height

h, H

distance of a point from a chosen reference surface positive upward along a line perpendicular to that surface

Note 1 to entry: A height below the reference surface will have a negative value.

Note 2 to entry: Generalization of ellipsoidal height (h) and gravity-related height (H).

[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.38]

3.8

instant

0-dimensional geometric primitive (3.6) representing position (3.21) in time

Note 1 to entry: The geometry of time is discussed in ISO 19108:2002, 5.2.

[SOURCE: ISO 19108:2002, 4.1.17]

3.9

linear element

one-dimensional object that serves as the axis along which measurements are made

Note 1 to entry: Also known as curvilinear element.

EXAMPLE Feature (3.4), such as “road”; curve geometry; directed edge topological primitive.

3.10

linear referencing

specification of a location (3.19) relative to a linear element (3.9) as a measurement along (and optionally offset from) that element

Note 1 to entry: An alternative to specifying a location as a two- or three- dimensional spatial position (3.23).

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