ISO 11358-2:2021 Plastics — Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers —Part 2: Determination of activation energy
标准简介
Plastics — Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers —Part 2: Determination of activation energy是国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization，简称ISO)于2021-01发布的ISO标准，适用于全球范围。标准截图
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Plastics — Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers —
Part 2: Determination of activation energy
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the activation energy, E , in the Arrhenius a
formula for the decomposition of polymers using a thermogravimetric technique. The method is applicable only if the reaction proceeds by a single mechanism. It is applicable to multistage reactions if they consist of clearly separated single-stage steps.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11358-1, Plastics — Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers — Part 1: General principles
3 Terms a nd definiti ons
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11358-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www. iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www.e lectropedia. org/ 3.1
Arrhenius formula
formula representing the temperature dependence of the rate constant of a reaction
Note 1 to entry: The rate constant, k, of a reaction is expressed by the Arrhenius formula, as follows:
−E /RT
()
a
kA= ∙exp
where
−1 −1
R is the gas constant (= 8,314 J ⋅ K ⋅ mol );
T is the absolute temperature, in kelvins (K);
−1
A is the pre-exponential factor, in reciprocal seconds (s );
−1
E is the activation energy, in J ⋅ mol ;
a
−1
k is the rate of reaction (= dC/dt), in reciprocal seconds (s ).
3.2
activation energy
E
a
energy, above that of the ground state, which must be added to an atomic or a molecular system to allow a particular process to take place
−1
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in J ⋅ mol .
3.3
degree of conversion
C
quantity of products present at a particular time and temperature during a reaction compared with the final quantity of the products
Note 1 to entry: It is given by the formula:
Cm=−mm/ −m
() ()
it if
where
m is the initial quantity, in milligrams;
i
m is the quantity at a particular time and temperature, in milligrams;
t
m in the final quantity, in milligrams.
f
Note 2 to entry: When multistage reactions occur, the degree of conversion is calculated separately for each stage.
Note 3 to entry: The degree of conversion is dimensionless and varies in value from 0 to 1.
4 Principle
Test specimens are heated at several different heating rates and the change in mass measured as a function of temperature. The temperatures corresponding to given degrees of conversion are determined for each heating rate. For a given degree of conversion, the logarithm of the heating rate is plotted against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature, and the activation energy is calculated from the slope of the straight line thus obtained.
5 Apparatus
According to ISO 11358-1.
6 Mass and temperature calibration
6.1 Mass calibration
According to ISO 11358-1.
6.2 Temperature calibration
According to ISO 11358-1.
7 Test specimens
The test specimens shall be in the form of powder, pellets, flakes, filaments or film. The test specimens shall be prepared by cutting the material, as necessary, to a size appropriate for the apparatus (see
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