ISO 18595:2021 Resistance welding — Spot welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys — Weldability, welding and testing

标准简介

Resistance welding — Spot welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys — Weldability, welding and testing是国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization，简称ISO)于2021-01发布的ISO标准，适用于世界范围。

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标准部分原文

Resistance welding — Spot welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys — Weldability, welding and testing

1 Scope

This document specifies requirements for resistance spot welding in the fabrication of assemblies of aluminium sheet, extrusions (both work- and age-hardening alloys) and/or cast material comprising two or three thicknesses of metal, where the maximum single (sheet) thickness of components to be welded is within the range 0,6 mm to 6 mm.

This document is applicable to the welding of sheets or plates of dissimilar thickness where the thickness ratio is less than or equal to 3:1. It applies to the welding of three thicknesses where the total thickness is less than or equal to 9 mm.

Welding with the following types of machines is within the scope of this document:

— pedestal welding machines;

— gun welders;

— automatic welding equipment where the components are fed by robots or automatic feeding equipment;

— multi-welders;

— robotic welders.

Information on appropriate welding equipment is given in Annex A and on spot welding conditions in Annex B. The latter are for guidance only and can require modification depending on service conditions of the fabrication, type of welding equipment, characteristics of the secondary circuit, electrode material and geometry.

The welding of coated material, e.g. zinc-coated or anodized material, is outside the scope of this document.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 209, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition

ISO 669, Resistance welding — Resistance welding equipment — Mechanical and electrical requirements

ISO 3522, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Castings — Chemical composition and mechanical properties

ISO 5182, Resistance welding — Materials for electrodes and ancillary equipment

ISO 5184, Straight resistance spot welding electrodes

ISO 5821, Resistance welding — Spot welding electrode caps

ISO 5830, Resistance spot welding — Male electrode caps

ISO 10447, Resistance welding — Testing of welds — Peel and chisel testing of resistance spot and projection welds

ISO 14273, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for tensile shear testing resistance spot and embossed projection welds

ISO 15614-12, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 12: Spot, seam and projection welding

ISO 17677-1, Resistance welding — Vocabulary — Part 1: Spot, projection and seam welding

ISO 18278-2, Resistance welding — Weldability — Part 2: Evaluation procedures for weldability in spot welding

3 Terms a nd definiti ons

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 669 and ISO 17677-1 apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/ 4 Material

4.1 Form

The material shall be according to ISO 209 and ISO 3522.

4.2 Types of aluminium alloys

A partial list of aluminium alloys is given in Annex C.

5 Surface conditions

Prior to welding, all surfaces shall be checked for their suitability for spot welding. The surfaces should preferably be free from oil, grease, lubricant, visible oxidation, paint, dirt or excessive scratches. If necessary, appropriate surface treatment, e.g. chemical etching, shall be carried out. Unless specifically developed for spot welding, mill-finish surfaces are generally not suitable for spot welding and can need pre-treatment. Die-cast material shall be free from excessive surface roughness and imperfections, e.g. as caused by washing out of the die material. Aluminium manufacturers and component suppliers can produce surface-treated material suitable for spot welding, e.g. with TiZr conversion coating. In addition, coated material can be supplied with chromate or phosphate passivation. Phosphated aluminium may be used in certain applications. Excessive quantities of dissolved gases in die-cast material shall be avoided. These materials can be spot welded, although adjustment of the welding parameters is generally necessary as outlined in Annex B.

In all cases, the surface condition and any surface treatment shall be recorded in the testing documentation.

The stability of surface condition can be evaluated by measuring the transition resistance in accordance with ISO 18594.

6 Edge distance, edge conditions, form of component and weld spacing

The components to be welded shall be free from burrs or other defects, which can, in any way, interfere with interface contact or require excessive force to fit the parts together.

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