ISO 16640:2021 Monitoring radioactive gases in effluents from facilities producing positron emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals

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Monitoring radioactive gases in effluents from facilities producing positron emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals是国际标准化组织于2021-01发布的ISO标准，适用于世界范围。

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16640:2021(E)

Monitoring radioactive gases in effluents from facilities producing positron emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals

1 Scope

This document focuses on monitoring the activity concentrations of radioactive gases. They allow the calculation of the activity releases, in the gaseous effluent discharge from facilities producing positron emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals. Such facilities produce short-lived radionuclides 18

used for medical purposes or research and can release gases typically including, but not limited to F, 11 15 13

C, O and N. These facilities include accelerators, radiopharmacies, hospitals and universities. This document provides performance-based criteria for the design and use of air monitoring equipment including probes, transport lines, sample monitoring instruments, and gas flow measuring methods. This document also provides information on monitoring program objectives, quality assurance, development of air monitoring control action levels, system optimisation and system performance verification.

The goal of achieving an unbiased measurement is accomplished either by direct (in-line) measurement on the exhaust stream or with samples extracted from the exhaust stream (bypass), provided that the radioactive gases are well mixed in the airstream. This document sets forth performance criteria and recommendations to assist in obtaining valid measurements.

NOTE 1 The criteria and recommendations of this document are aimed at monitoring which is conducted for regulatory compliance and system control. If existing air monitoring systems were not designed according to the performance criteria and recommendations of this document, an evaluation of the performance of the system is advised. If deficiencies are discovered based on a performance evaluation, a determination of the need for a system retrofit is to be made and corrective actions adopted where practicable.

NOTE 2 The criteria and recommendations of this document apply under both normal and off-normal operating conditions, provided that these conditions do not include production of aerosols or vapours. If the normal and/or off-normal conditions produce aerosols and vapours, then the aerosol collection principles of ISO 2889 also apply.

2 Normative references

There are no normative references in this document.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/o bp

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://w ww.e lectropedia .org/ 3.1

abatement equipment

apparatus used to reduce contaminant concentration in the airflow exhausted through a stack or duct

[SOURCE: ISO 2889:2010, 3.1]

ISO 16640:2021(E)

3.2

accident (conditions)

any unintended event, including operating errors, equipment failures and other mishaps, the consequences or potential consequences of which are not negligible from the point of view of protection and safety

3.3

accuracy

closeness of agreement between a measured quantity and the true quantity of the measurand

[SOURCE: ISO 2889:2010, 3.4]

3.4

action level

threshold concentration of an effluent contaminant at which it is necessary to perform an appropriate action

[SOURCE: ISO 2889:2010, 3.5]

3.5

aerosol

dispersion of solid or liquid particles in air or other gas

Note 1 to entry: An aerosol is not only the aerosol particles.

[SOURCE: ISO 2889:2010, 3.8]

3.6

analyser

device that provides for near real-time data on radiological characteristics of the gas (air) flow in a sampling system or duct

Note 1 to entry: Usually, an analyser evaluates the concentration of radionuclides in a sampled air stream; however, some analysers are mounted directly within or just outside a stack or duct.

[SOURCE: ISO 2889:2010, 3.12]

3.7

bend

gradual change in direction of a sample (3.38) transport line

[SOURCE: ISO 2889:2010, 3.14]

3.8

bulk stream

air flow in a stack or duct, as opposed to the sample (3.38) flow rate

[SOURCE: ISO 2889:2010, 3.15]

3.9

bypass system

system whereby a sample (3.38) is withdrawn from the effluent stream and analysed at a location that is remote from the region where the extraction takes place

3.10

calibration

operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication

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