ISO 13736:2021 Determination of flash point — Abel closed-cup method

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Determination of flash point — Abel closed-cup method

WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the standard, and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions for this purpose.

1 Scope

This document specifies a method for the determination of the manual and automated closed cup flash point of combustible liquids having flash points between –30,0 °C to 75,0 °C. However, the precision given for this method is only valid for flash points in the range −8,5 °C to 75,0 °C.

This document is not applicable to water-borne paints.

[1]

NOTE 1 Water borne paints can be tested using ISO 3679 .

NOTE 2 See 9.1 for the importance of this test in avoiding loss of volatile materials.

NOTE 3 Liquids containing halogenated compounds can give anomalous results.

NOTE 4 The thermometer specified for the manual apparatus limits the upper test temperature to 70,0 °C.

NOTE 5 See 13.1 for more specific information related to precision.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling

ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling

ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/o bp

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/ 3.1

flash point

lowest temperature of the test portion, adjusted to account for variations in atmospheric pressure from 101,3 kPa, at which application of an ignition source causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite and the flame to propagate across the surface of the liquid under the specified conditions of test

4 Principle

The test portion is placed in the test cup of an Abel apparatus and heated to give a constant temperature increase with continuous stirring. An ignition source is directed through an opening in the test cup cover at regular temperature intervals with simultaneous interruption of stirring. The lowest temperature at which application of the ignition source causes the vapours of the test portion to ignite and propagate over the surface of the liquid is recorded as the flash point at the ambient barometric pressure. The temperature is adjusted to account for variation in atmospheric pressure from 101,3 kPa, using a formula.

5 Chemicals and materials

5.1 Cleaning solvent, for the removal of traces of sample from the test cup and cover.

The choice of solvent depends upon the previous material tested, and the tenacity of the residue. Low volatility aromatic (benzene-free) solvents may be used to remove traces of oil, and mixed solvents can be efficacious for the removal of gum-type deposits.

5.2 Coolant, mixture of equal volumes of 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol) and water, or mixture of equal volumes of glycerol and water, or silicone oil (optional), for use in an external cooling bath (6.5) or in the Abel apparatus (6.1).

5.3 Lubricant (optional), to reduce the formation of ice crystals on the cover and shutter mechanism when carrying out tests at temperatures below 5,0 °C (7.4.3, Note 1).

5.4 Verification liquids, certified reference materials (CRM) and secondary working standards (SWS) as described in Annex D.

5.5 Ignitor and pilot light gas, which may be propane, butane or natural gas (not required if an electric ignitor is used).

6 Apparatus

6.1 Flash point apparatus, as specified in Annex A.

If automated equipment is used, ensure that the test cup and cover assembly conform to the key dimensions specified in A.2 and that the procedure described in Clause 10 is followed. The user shall ensure that all of the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting and operating the instrument are followed.

In cases of dispute, unless explicitly agreed otherwise, the manual determination of the flash point, using a flame ignition source, shall be considered the referee test.

6.2 Thermometers

6.2.1 Test cup thermometer, installed as in Annex B and conforming to the specification given in Annex C.

6.2.2 Heating vessel thermometer, installed as in Annex B and conforming to the specification given in Annex C.

Other types of temperature-measuring device may be used, provided that they meet the requirements for accuracy and have the same response as the thermometers specified in Annex C.

6.3 Timing device, stopwatch or electronic timer with an accuracy better than 5 %.

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