ISO 12404:2021 Soil and waste — Guidance on the selection and application of screening methods

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Soil and waste — Guidance on the selection and application of screening methods

1 Scope

This document provides guidance on the selection and application of screening methods for assessing soil quality and waste characterization, including distribution of target parameters in soil and soil ‑ like material. The aim of this document is to set up criteria as to when the different kind of screening methods can be applied for the analysis of a certain parameter in soil, including soil‑ like material, and waste, and which steps are required to prove their suitability.

This document does not recommend any particular screening method but confirms the principles of their selection and application.

2 Normative references

There are no normative references in this document.

3 Terms a nd definiti ons

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia. org/ — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://w ww. iso. org/o bp

3.1

screening

application of any analytical semi‑ quantitative method for exploratory analysis

3.2

screening method

method which is used (often on‑ site) to quickly explore a given area including target parameter distribution or to test a set of samples and obtain data on sample characteristics

Note 1 to entry: It is not necessarily directly comparable with reference methods.

3.3

reference method

method which is performed in accordance with national or international standards

3.4

on‑s it e ver i f ic at ion

inspection to ensure that the waste accepted at a landfill is the same as described in the accompanying documents and that it is in accordance with the basic characterization and/or compliance testing

Note 1 to entry: Procedures can be found in the European Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and the Landfill Decision (2003/33/EC).

4 Principles

This document specifies a framework for selection and application of screening methods.

It defines the whole process, from the selection of the screening method, the applicability and fit-for-

purpose testing, the fulfilling of the acceptance criteria, the quality control of the applied method, to the documentation of measurement results.

The suitability of any particular screening method depends on the parameter or group of parameters requiring determination and on the technical nature of the method.

5 Typical areas for application of screening methods

5.1 General

Screening methods constitute a useful addition to standard procedures in the following areas.

5.2 Support of sampling/sample preparation processes

Screening methods can be used for:

— selection of the most suitable analytical method (concentration range, interferences, specificity, robustness);

— pre-selection of samples for analysis in the laboratory;

— provision of information about accompanying compounds relevant for sample preparation.

5.3 On‑site verification

Characteristics of sampled waste are verified, e.g. during transport or at the entrance of waste treatment plants and landfills.

5.4 Monitoring of processes

Screening methods can be used:

— to monitor and control processes (e.g. success of treatment or remediation);

— to perform quality control on a treatment plant.

5.5 Identification of ho mogeneity/heterogeneity of bulk material

Screening methods can be applied to measure “target compounds” in large amounts of waste as well as soil and soil-like material to check the degree of homogeneity.

5.6 Survey of contaminated sites (hot‑spot ide ntification)

Screening methods are useful to identify contaminated areas in contamination-suspected sites. Examples for the application to contaminated sites are given in Annex A (flowchart) and Annex B (hot spot detection).

5.7 Identification of so urces of contamination

Screening methods can be useful to identify the source of a contaminant (hot spot detection) and its distribution or contamination variability in a material stream or stock-pile.

5.8 Monitoring of large areas

Screening methods can be used for determination of the distribution of key parameters, e.g. nutrients in agricultural land.

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