ISO 12345:2021 Diesel engines — Cleanliness assessment of fuel injection equipment

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12345:2021(E)

Diesel engines — Cleanliness assessment of fuel injection equipment

1 Scope

This document specifies cleanliness assessment procedures for evaluating the amount of debris found within the clean side of diesel fuel injection assemblies, which could lead to a reduction in the system’s operational effectiveness.

While other International Standards, e.g. ISO 16232, relate to cleanliness of components used in road vehicle fluid circuits, this document is focused on diesel fuel injection assemblies as supplied to diesel engine manufacturers or the service market.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 4008-1, Road vehicles — Fuel injection pump testing — Part 1: Dynamic conditions

ISO 4113, Road vehicles — Calibration fluids for diesel injection equipment

ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware — Graduated measuring cylinders

ISO 7440-1, Road vehicles — Fuel injection equipment testing — Part 1: Calibrating nozzle and holder assemblies

ISO 8535-1, Diesel engines — Steel tubes for high-pressure fuel injection pipes — Part 1: Requirements for seamless cold-drawn single-wall tubes

ISO 8984-1, Diesel engines — Testing of fuel injectors — Part 1: Hand-lever-operated testing and setting apparatus

ISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration

ISO 16232:2018, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components and systems

3 Terms a nd definiti ons

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16232 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://w ww. iso. org/o bp

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://w ww .electropedia. org/

ISO 12345:2021(E)

3.1

Reynolds number

Re

dimensionless parameter expressing the ratio between the inertia and viscous forces in a flowing fluid, given by the formula

Ul×

R =

e

v

where,

R is the Reynolds number (Re);

e

U is the mean axial fluid velocity across the defined area, expressed in millimetres per seconds;

l is the characteristic dimension of the system over which the flow occurs, expressed in millimetres;

[for pipes l = d (pipe bore diameter)]

ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, expressed in square millimetres per second (centistokes).

4 Test apparatus

Typical test equipment recommended for measuring fuel-injection equipment cleanliness is described in Annex A. In 4.1 to 4.9 are details of specific apparatus that shall be used, unless a suitable alternative can be demonstrated.

4.1 Pressure source

Pressure source is test dependent as described in 4.1.1 to 4.1.7.

4.1.1 Fuel injection pump test bench

A test bench as specified in ISO 4008-1 with a single cylinder pump or one cylinder of an inline pump.

4.1.2 Hand-lever-operated testing and setting apparatus

A testing apparatus as described in ISO 8984-1.

4.1.3 High-pressure pulsating flow rig

A pressuse source capable of achieving:

a) a flow rate which will generate a turbulent flow in the pipes (Re > 4 000) for a period of 30 s ± 1 s, while pulsating the flow between zero and this value at a frequency of 0,2 Hz to 1 Hz, followed by

b) a flush at 1,4 MPa ± 0,1 MPa constant pressure for 15 s ± 1 s.

4.1.4 Verification low-pressure pump

A plunger or diaphragm-type pump, having a flow rate of approximately twice the rated value for the component under test at a pressure of at least 2 MPa. The verification low-pressure pump has to be cleaned to the cleanliness level CL in accordance with Annex C. It has to be carefully stored with a proper cover in a clean environment.

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