ISO 10545-15:2021 Ceramic tiles —Part 15: Determination of lead and cadmium given off by tiles

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Ceramic tiles —

Part 15: Determination of lead and cadmium given off by tiles

1 Scope

This document specifies a method for the determination of lead and cadmium given off by the ceramic tiles surface.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods

ISO 6353-2:1983, Reagents for chemical analysis — Part 2: Specifications — First series

3 Terms a nd definiti ons

No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/ 4 Principle

Exposure of the surface of a ceramic tile to an acetic acid solution. Determination of the amount of lead and cadmium released into the solution by an appropriate method.

5 Reagents

5.1 General

During the analysis, unless otherwise indicated, use only the reagents specified in ISO 6353-2 if indicated, if not, use reagents of recognized analytical grade, and grade 2 complying with ISO 3696:1987.

5.2 Test solution

Prepare acetic acid solution, 4 % (V/V) as follows: add 40 ml of glacial acetic acid (R 1 of ISO 6353-2:1983) to 960 ml of distilled water of grade 2.

6 Apparatus and materials

Atomic absorption spectrometer, or other suitable apparatus for the analysis of lead and cadmium from solution.

Other materials needed are as follows: silicone sealant in a tube or dispenser, enabling a ribbon of clear silicone (neutral cure) sealant approximately 6 mm in diameter to be formed; impervious cover, made of glass or ceramic or rigid plastic; neutral detergent for glassware; white cloth, made of cotton or flax; class A glass measuring cylinder (ISO 4788).

7 Test specimens

The number of tiles and specimens is reported in Table 1.

Table 1 — Number of tiles and specimens

Minimum area by Tile area Number Number of speci- Total number of specimens to be 2

cm of tiles mens for each tile specimens tested (nominal size)

2

cm

a

tile area ≤400 3 1 3 100 400 < tile area ≤ 3600 3 1 3 100

b

tile area >3600 1 3 3 100 a 2 2

In case of a tile with an area <100 cm , a suitable number of tiles shall be assembled in order to reach 100 cm without considering the joints. Joint shall be filled with a silicone sealant.

b 2

In case of a tile with an area >3600 cm , specimens, being representative of the surface of the whole tile, shall be mandatorily cut from each tile.

The surface of a specimen to be tested shall be clean and free from grease or other materials that may interfere with the performance of the test. To ensure cleanliness, the specimen shall be thoroughly washed in tap water containing a small amount of neutral detergent, and rinsed with grade 2 water, then dried either by allowing to drain or with a soft clean cloth. After washing, care shall be taken to avoid handling the surface. Apply a ribbon of silicone sealant 6 mm wide, to the surface. Visually ensure that the ribbon has continuous contact with the surface without gaps. The ribbon shall be high enough to allow the required volume of the test solution to be added and the distance between the edge of the ribbon and the solution surface shall be no more than 1 mm. Allow the sealant to dry over-night. Measure and calculate the area A, in square decimetres, of the surface to be tested.

8 Procedure

Place each specimen on a flat horizontal surface in a room at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C. Fill the space formed by the ribbon of silicone sealant with a volume, V, of the test solution, measured at the same temperature using the measuring cylinder. Place the cover on the specimen to minimize contamination and evaporation. A convenient way of doing this is illustrated in Figure 1. Keep the temperature of the room at 20 ± 2 °C during the test and protect the test assembly from sunlight or other thermal sources. After 24 h ± 30 min, remove the cover, stir the acid thoroughly to ensure its homogeneity and remove an aliquot portion of the solution for analysis. Determine the amount of lead and cadmium extracted by an appropriate method: atomic absorption spectrometry is a possible method. Take into account any small amounts of lead and cadmium present in the reagents and water used, for example by a blank determination.

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