ISO 1432:2021 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of low-temperature stiffening (Gehman test)
标准简介
Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of low-temperature stiffening (Gehman test)是国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization，简称ISO)发布的ISO标准，适用于全球。标准截图
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1432:2021(E)
Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of low-temperature stiffening (Gehman test)
WARNING 1 — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions.
WA R NING 2 — Cer t ain procedures specif ied in t his document mig ht involve t he use or generat ion
of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.
1 Scope
This document specifies a static procedure, known as the Gehman test, for determining the relative stiffness characteristics of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubbers over a temperature range from room temperature to approximately −120 °C.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 18899:2013, Rubber — Guide to the calibration of test equipment
ISO 23529, Rubber — General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods
3 Terms a nd definiti ons
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://w ww .iso .org/o bp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://w ww.e lectropedia. org/ 4 Principle
The torsional stiffness is measured as a function of temperature, starting from a low temperature. The stiffness is measured by connecting the test piece in series with a calibrated spring wire and measuring the angle of twist of the test piece when the top of the wire is turned 180°.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Torsion apparatus, consisting of a torsion head, capable of being turned 180° in a plane normal to the torsion wire. The top of the wire is fastened to the torsion head. The bottom of the wire is fastened to the test piece clamp. A device for “friction-free” indication or recording of angle by mechanical or electrical means shall be provided, permitting convenient and exact adjustment of the zero point. The indicating or recording system shall allow reading or recording of the angle of twist to the nearest degree. This principle is shown in Figure 1.
ISO 1432:2021(E)
5.2 Torsion wires, made of tempered spring wire, of a length of 65 mm ± 8 mm, and having nominal torsional constants of 0,7 mN·m, 2,8 mN·m and 11,2 mN·m. In cases of dispute, the 2,8 mN·m wire shall be used.
Key
1 torsion head
2 torsion wire
3 angle measurement
4 test piece rack
5 test piece
Figure 1 — Principle of a torsion apparatus
5.3 Test piece rack, made of material of poor thermal conductivity, for holding the test piece in a vertical position in the heat transfer medium. The rack may be constructed to hold several test pieces. The rack is attached to a stand. It is advantageous to make the vertical portion of the stand from material
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